How long until bird eggs hatch?
The contents of this article are fact-based except otherwise stated within the article.
Reviewer bio
Dr Anny Manrich PhD is a food Engineer with expertise in Food Technology, Natural Polymers, Edible Films, Enzymes, and Nanotechnology.
Dr Anny Manrich’s Highlights:
- Research and Technology at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
- PhD in Chemical Engineering with a focus on Biochemistry at the Federal University of Sao Carlos/ Brazil and a one-year scholarship at the Technical University of Munich/ Germany
- Bachelor of Food Engineering at the University of Campinas/ Brazil and a one-year scholarship at the Technical University of Munich/ Germany
“To solve a problem, global vision and multifactorial understanding are necessary. Therefore, in addition to expertise, one should seek multidisciplinary thinking connected with science and reality” – Dr Anny Manrich, PhD.
Professional Experience:
Dr Anny Manrich’s Experience Joining the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, as soon as she completed her doctorate,
Dr Anny Manrich has worked on several projects, including the more than three-year partnership project with BRF, a major food producer in Brazil. As a postdoctoral fellow.
Dr Anny Manrich has also contributed to several business consultancies and research projects of the National Nanotechnology Laboratory System in areas such as food technology, fibres, films and coatings and Nanotechnology; in a very determined way, having a great team relationship, being creative and committed.
Growing concerns about the safe introduction of nanomaterials into today’s life emphasises the need to create regulatory documentation in front of characterising, using and testing them. Dr Anny Manrich worked for two years on a characterization project for nanoscale materials, with the aim of exploring their possible health effects.
Despite not having specific academic training in packaging or polymeric films, Dr Anny Manrich works at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation in areas of edible and biodegradable films produced from agricultural waste and in the development of films with greater resistance to water, having articles published in renowned scientific journals, which demonstrates her multidisciplinary understanding and creativity.
In addition, she worked for four years as a consultant to a food company to develop a line of snacks that are healthy and that add functional ingredients, physiologically active compounds that bring health benefits, made from fruits and vegetables, enabling diet improvement, disease prevention and reduction of nutritional deficiencies.
Dr Anny Manrich participated as a member of the examination board for two Master’s exams and one PhD exam at the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Federal University of São Carlos.
Education:
- 2001 Bachelor in Food Engineering at the State University of Campinas, Brazil
- 1999 One year scholarship at the Technical University of Munich
- 2004 Master in Chemical Engineering at the Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
- 2012 PhD in Chemical Engineering at the Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil
- 2010 One year scholarship at the Technical University of Munich
The main publications of Dr. Anny Manrich are:
Articles
Manrich, A., Moreira, F. K., Otoni, C. G., Lorevice, M. V., Martins, M. A., & Mattoso, L. H. (2017). Hydrophobic edible films made up of tomato cutin and pectin. Carbohydrate Polymers, 164, 83-91.
Mendes, J. F., Norcino, L. B., Martins, H. H. A., Manrich, A., Otoni, C. G., Carvalho, E. E. N., … & Mattoso, L. H. C. (2020). Correlating emulsion characteristics with the properties of active starch films loaded with lemongrass essential oil. Food Hydrocolloids, 100, 105428.
Norcino, L. B., Mendes, J. F., Natarelli, C. V. L., Manrich, A., Oliveira, J. E., & Mattoso, L. H. C. (2020). Pectin films loaded with copaiba oil nanoemulsions for potential use as bio-based active packaging. Food Hydrocolloids, 106, 105862.
Manrich, Anny, et al. Immobilization of trypsin on chitosan gels: Use of different activation protocols and comparison with other supports. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 43.1 (2008): 54-61.
Manrich, Anny; Komesu, Andrea ; Adriano, Wellington Sabino; Tardioli, Paulo Waldir ; Giordano, Raquel Lima Camargo . Immobilization and Stabilization of Xylanase by Multipoint Covalent Attachment on Agarose and on Chitosan Supports. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, v. 161, p. 455-467, 2010.
Mendes, J. F., Martins, J. T., Manrich, A., Neto, A. S., Pinheiro, A. C. M., Mattoso, L. H. C., & Martins, M. A. (2019). Development and physical-chemical properties of pectin film reinforced with spent coffee grounds by continuous casting. Carbohydrate polymers, 210, 92-99..
Milessi, T. S., Kopp, W., Rojas, M. J., Manrich, A., Baptista-Neto, A., Tardioli, P. W., … & Giordano, R. L. (2016). Immobilization and stabilization of an endoxylanase from Bacillus subtilis (XynA) for xylooligosaccharides (XOs) production. Catalysis Today, 259, 130-139.
Mendes, J. F., Norcino, L. B., Manrich, A., Pinheiro, A. C. M., Oliveira, J. E., & Mattoso, L. H. C. (2020). Development, physical‐chemical properties, and photodegradation of pectin film reinforced with malt bagasse fibers by continuous casting. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 137(39), 49178.
Mendes, J. F., Martins, J. T., Manrich, A., Luchesi, B. R., Dantas, A. P. S., Vanderlei, R. M., … & Martins, M. A. (2021). Thermo-physical and mechanical characteristics of composites based on high-density polyethylene (HDPE) e spent coffee grounds (SCG). Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 29, 2888-2900..
Mendes, J. F., Norcino, L. B., Martins, H. H., Manrich, A., Otoni, C. G., Carvalho, E. E. N., … & Mattoso, L. H. C. (2021). Development of quaternary nanocomposites made up of cassava starch, cocoa butter, lemongrass essential oil nanoemulsion, and brewery spent grain fibers. Journal of Food Science, 86(5), 1979-1996.
Manrich, A., Martins, M. A., & Mattoso, L. H. C. (2021). Manufacture and performance of peanut skin cellulose nanocrystals. Scientia Agricola, 79.
Nascimento, V. M., Manrich, A., Tardioli, P. W., de Campos Giordano, R., de Moraes Rocha, G. J., & Giordano, R. D. L. C. (2016). Alkaline pretreatment for practicable production of ethanol and xylooligosaccharides. Bioethanol, 2(1)..
Manrich, Anny, de Oliveira, J. E., Martins, M. A., & Mattoso, L. H. C. Physicochemical and Thermal Characterization of the Spirulina platensis. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. B, v. 10, p. 298-307, 2020.
Book Chapter
Terra, I. A. A., Aoki, P. H., Delezuk, J. A. D. M., Martins, M. A., Manrich, A., Silva, M. J., … & Miranda, P. B. (2022). Técnicas de Caracterização de Polímeros. Nanotecnologia Aplicada a Polímeros, 614.
Conference Papers
Ferreira, L. F., Luvizaro, L. B., Manrich, A., Martins, M. A., Júnior, M. G., & Dias, M. V. (2017). Comparação da estabilidade de suspensões poliméricas de amido/tocoferol e quitosana/tocoferol. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE POLÍMEROS, 14., 2017, Águas de Lindóia, SP.
Manrich, A., Hubinger, S. Z., & Paris, E. C. (2017). Citotoxicidade causada por nanomateriais: avaliação do micronúcleo. In: WORKSHOP DA REDE DE NANOTECNOLOGIA APLICADA AO AGRONEGÓCIO, 9., 2017, São Carlos. Anais… São Carlos: Embrapa Instrumentação, 2017. p. 655-658.
Manrich, Anny, et al. Immobilization and Stabilization of Xylanase by multipoint covalent attachment on Glyoxyl Agarose Support. The 31st Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. 2009.
Manrich, Anny, et al. Application of immobilized xylanase on hydrolysis of soluble wood hemicelluloses after using microwave and organosolv pre-treatments. The 32nd Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. 2010.
You can view some of Dr Anny’s work below and links to her professional profile.
Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anny-Manrich-2
Scopus: https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=23103497100
Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=Ea9qpr0AAAAJ
Linkedin: https://br.linkedin.com/in/anny-manrich-20693129
In this brief guide, we are going to answer ‘how long until bird eggs hatch?’ Also, we will see the stages the egg goes through.
How long until bird eggs hatch?
After the eggs are laid, it takes up to 10 to 14 days for the eggs to hatch of smaller birds while it takes weeks to a month for the eggs to hatch of larger birds, depending on the species.
Females or mothers spent most of the days in the nest to protect the eggs and provide them warmth while the males or fathers spent the day looking for food.
What is the incubation period?
Incubation is the time period in between when the egg was laid until it hatches. In this period, an egg needs consistent warmth and protection so that the eggs can hatch without being compromised.
Smaller birds particularly songbirds can take in between a week and a half or two weeks of the incubation period. The same period of time is needed by the bird to grow into fledgling.
While larger birds take longer and the same amount of time it takes for incubation can be allocated for the baby bird to grow into fledgling.
What is the fledgling stage?
Fledgling stage refers to the stage of life in between hatching and being able to take flight. Only birds that are able to fly have a fledgling stage of their life.
This is the most vulnerable stage of birdlife. In this period the bird needs their parents to take care of them. Such animals are also referred to as altricial animals. Such an animal or bird is born without the ability to take care of itself.
They need a proper safe need and the care of the parent’s birds till they are able to take care of themselves.
Which bird has the shortest incubation time?
Zosterops, the white eye or silver eye, has gained worldwide fame for having the shortest period for bird eggs to hatch. It takes about 9 to 10 days for the eggs to hatch.
The white-eye is a common bird that is a shy, small bird but is a curious creature that is seen hopping in the undergrowth or flitting from branch to branch. White eyes are mainly from the Africa continent but can be found across the South Asian continent even in Asia and New Zealand.
Which bird has the longest incubation time?
The wandering albatross has the longest incubation period out of all birds, which can last up to 85 days. This is by far the longest period for bird eggs to hatch. However, this period is considered to be an interrupted incubation period.
The longest uninterrupted incubation period belongs to the emperor penguin. This period lasts from 67 to 75 days.
What does a bird egg consist of?
Bird egg consists of a protective eggshell, albumen or egg whites and vitellus or egg yolk. Depending on the make-up of the egg, some type of bird egg takes longer to hatch while the others don’t.
The eggshell is made almost entirely of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals. Even though the eggshell seems hard to us, it is actually a semi-permeable membrane, meaning that the moisture can easily pass through its pores.
The albumen of egg white is mostly water and proteins (includes albumins, mucoproteins and globulins). Egg white has no fat or carbohydrates in them.
The vitellus or egg yolk is partly made up of keratin (a protein found in human hair). The yolk contains all the fats here. It is made up of a little water, some fat and most eggs, vitamins and minerals.
Do birds leave their eggs unattended?
Yes, they may, especially while waiting for the eggs to hatch. Besides this, they do leave their nest to feed themselves or to scare off potential threats. Sometimes they also leave so that they do not draw attention to their nest for long periods.
But whatever the case is, they do return back to resume the incubation period, unless they were killed while out.
How do you know if the bird egg is alive?
If you happen to get your hands on some eggs which you suspect are near their hatching period, touch their eggs using the back of your hand. If the eggs feel warm then the eggs should be alive. If the shell is free of cracks or any default and is warm to touch it surely is alive.
You may take care of such eggs by first identifying by looking at the color and some characteristics of eggs and determining their favored environment through some research. Provide that environment and let them have a fair chance of survival.
If you want to learn how common bird eggs look, please refer here.
Conclusion
In this brief guide, we answered ‘how long until bird eggs hatch?’ Also, we went through the stages the egg goes through.
Hopefully, you found this guide informative and helpful. In case of any queries or questions, please do let us know.
